277 lines
16 KiB
HTML
277 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Tk Built-In Commands - font manual page</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M2" NAME="L482">NAME</A>
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<DL><DD>font - Create and inspect fonts.</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M3" NAME="L483">SYNOPSIS</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><B>font</B><I> option </I>?<I>arg arg ...</I>?
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M4" NAME="L484">DESCRIPTION</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M5" NAME="L485"><B>font actual </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? ?<I>option</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M6" NAME="L486"><B>font configure </B><I>fontname</I> ?<I>option</I>? ?<I>value option value ...</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M7" NAME="L487"><B>font create</B> ?<I>fontname</I>? ?<I>option value ...</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M8" NAME="L488"><B>font delete</B> <I>fontname</I> ?<I>fontname ...</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M9" NAME="L489"><B>font families</B> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M10" NAME="L490"><B>font measure </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? <I>text</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M11" NAME="L491"><B>font metrics </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? ?<I>option</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M12" NAME="L492"><B>font names</B></A>
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M13" NAME="L493">FONT DESCRIPTION</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M14" NAME="L494">[1] <I>fontname</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M15" NAME="L495">[2] <I>systemfont</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M16" NAME="L496">[3] <I>family </I>?<I>size</I>? ?<I>style</I>? ?<I>style ...</I>?</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M17" NAME="L497">[4] X-font names (XLFD)</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M18" NAME="L498">[5] <I>option value </I>?<I>option value ...</I>?</A>
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M19" NAME="L499">FONT METRICS</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M20" NAME="L500"><B>-ascent </B></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M21" NAME="L501"><B>-descent </B></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M22" NAME="L502"><B>-linespace</B></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M23" NAME="L503"><B>-fixed </B></A>
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M24" NAME="L504">FONT OPTIONS</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M25" NAME="L505"><B>-family </B><I>name</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M26" NAME="L506"><B>-size </B><I>size</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M27" NAME="L507"><B>-weight </B><I>weight</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M28" NAME="L508"><B>-slant </B><I>slant</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M29" NAME="L509"><B>-underline </B><I>boolean</I></A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M30" NAME="L510"><B>-overstrike </B><I>boolean</I></A>
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M31" NAME="L511">PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ISSUES</A>
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<DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M32" NAME="L512">X Windows:</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M33" NAME="L513">MS Windows:</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M34" NAME="L514">Macintosh:</A>
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</DL>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M35" NAME="L515">SEE ALSO</A>
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<DD><A HREF="font.htm#M36" NAME="L516">KEYWORDS</A>
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</DL><HR>
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<H3><A NAME="M2">NAME</A></H3>
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font - Create and inspect fonts.
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<H3><A NAME="M3">SYNOPSIS</A></H3>
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<B>font</B><I> option </I>?<I>arg arg ...</I>?<BR>
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<H3><A NAME="M4">DESCRIPTION</A></H3>
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The <B>font</B> command provides several facilities for dealing with
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fonts, such as defining named fonts and inspecting the actual attributes of
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a font. The command has several different forms, determined by the
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first argument. The following forms are currently supported:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><A NAME="M5"><B>font actual </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? ?<I>option</I>?</A><DD>
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Returns information about the the actual attributes that are obtained when
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<I>font</I> is used on <I>window</I>'s display; the actual attributes obtained
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may differ from the attributes requested due to platform-dependant
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limitations, such as the availability of font families and pointsizes.
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<I>font</I> is a font description; see FONT DESCRIPTIONS below. If the
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<I>window</I> argument is omitted, it defaults to the main window. If
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<I>option</I> is specified, returns the value of that attribute; if it is
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omitted, the return value is a list of all the attributes and their values.
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See FONT OPTIONS below for a list of the possible attributes.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M6"><B>font configure </B><I>fontname</I> ?<I>option</I>? ?<I>value option value ...</I>?</A><DD>
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Query or modify the desired attributes for the named font called
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<I>fontname</I>. If no <I>option</I> is specified, returns a list describing
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all the options and their values for <I>fontname</I>. If a single <I>option</I>
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is specified with no <I>value</I>, then returns the current value of that
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attribute. If one or more <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs are specified,
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then the command modifies the given named font to have the given values; in
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this case, all widgets using that font will redisplay themselves using the
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new attributes for the font. See FONT OPTIONS below for a list of the
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possible attributes.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M7"><B>font create</B> ?<I>fontname</I>? ?<I>option value ...</I>?</A><DD>
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Creates a new named font and returns its name. <I>fontname</I> specifies the
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name for the font; if it is omitted, then Tk generates a new name of the
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form <B>font</B><I>x</I>, where <I>x</I> is an integer. There may be any number
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of <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs, which provide the desired attributes for
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the new named font. See FONT OPTIONS below for a list of the possible
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attributes.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M8"><B>font delete</B> <I>fontname</I> ?<I>fontname ...</I>?</A><DD>
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Delete the specified named fonts. If there are widgets using the named font,
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the named font won't actually be deleted until all the instances are
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released. Those widgets will continue to display using the last known values
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for the named font. If a deleted named font is subsequently recreated with
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another call to <B>font create</B>, the widgets will use the new named font
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and redisplay themselves using the new attributes of that font.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M9"><B>font families</B> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>?</A><DD>
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The return value is a list of the case-insensitive names of all font families
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that exist on <I>window</I>'s display. If the <I>window</I> argument is
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omitted, it defaults to the main window.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M10"><B>font measure </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? <I>text</I></A><DD>
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Measures the amount of space the string <I>text</I> would use in the given
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<I>font</I> when displayed in <I>window</I>. <I>font</I> is a font description;
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see FONT DESCRIPTIONS below. If the <I>window</I> argument is omitted, it
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defaults to the main window. The return value is the total width in pixels
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of <I>text</I>, not including the extra pixels used by highly exagerrated
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characters such as cursive ``f''. If the string contains newlines or tabs,
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those characters are not expanded or treated specially when measuring the
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string.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M11"><B>font metrics </B><I>font</I> ?<B>-displayof </B><I>window</I>? ?<I>option</I>?</A><DD>
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Returns information about the metrics (the font-specific data), for
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<I>font</I> when it is used on <I>window</I>'s display. <I>font</I> is a font
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description; see FONT DESCRIPTIONS below. If the <I>window</I> argument is
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omitted, it defaults to the main window. If <I>option</I> is specified,
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returns the value of that metric; if it is omitted, the return value is a
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list of all the metrics and their values. See FONT METRICS below for a list
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of the possible metrics.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M12"><B>font names</B></A><DD>
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The return value is a list of all the named fonts that are currently defined.
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<P></DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M13">FONT DESCRIPTION</A></H3>
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The following formats are accepted as a font description anywhere
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<I>font</I> is specified as an argument above; these same forms are also
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permitted when specifying the <B>-font</B> option for widgets.
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<P>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><A NAME="M14">[1] <I>fontname</I></A><DD>
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The name of a named font, created using the <B>font create</B> command. When
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a widget uses a named font, it is guaranteed that this will never cause an
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error, as long as the named font exists, no matter what potentially invalid
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or meaningless set of attributes the named font has. If the named font
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cannot be displayed with exactly the specified attributes, some other close
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font will be substituted automatically.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M15">[2] <I>systemfont</I></A><DD>
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The platform-specific name of a font, interpreted by the graphics server.
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This also includes, under X, an XLFD (see [4]) for which a single ``<B>*</B>''
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character was used to elide more than one field in the middle of the
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name. See PLATFORM-SPECIFIC issues for a list of the system fonts.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M16">[3] <I>family </I>?<I>size</I>? ?<I>style</I>? ?<I>style ...</I>?</A><DD>
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A properly formed list whose first element is the desired font
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<I>family</I> and whose optional second element is the desired <I>size</I>.
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The interpretation of the <I>size</I> attribute follows the same rules
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described for <B>-size</B> in FONT OPTIONS below. Any additional optional
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arguments following the <I>size</I> are font <I>style</I>s. Possible values
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for the <I>style</I> arguments are as follows:
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<PRE><B>normal bold roman italic
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underline overstrike</B></PRE>
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<P><DT><A NAME="M17">[4] X-font names (XLFD)</A><DD>
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A Unix-centric font name of the form
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<I>-foundry-family-weight-slant-setwidth-addstyle-pixel-point-resx-resy-spacing-width-charset-encoding</I>.
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The ``<B>*</B>'' character may be used to skip individual fields that the
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user does not care about. There must be exactly one ``<B>*</B>'' for each
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field skipped, except that a ``<B>*</B>'' at the end of the XLFD skips any
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remaining fields; the shortest valid XLFD is simply ``<B>*</B>'', signifying
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all fields as defaults. Any fields that were skipped are given default
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values. For compatibility, an XLFD always chooses a font of the specified
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pixel size (not point size); although this interpretation is not strictly
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correct, all existing applications using XLFDs assumed that one ``point''
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was in fact one pixel and would display incorrectly (generally larger) if
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the correct size font were actually used.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M18">[5] <I>option value </I>?<I>option value ...</I>?</A><DD>
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A properly formed list of <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs that specify
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the desired attributes of the font, in the same format used when defining
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a named font; see FONT OPTIONS below.
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<P></DL>
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<P>
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When font description <I>font</I> is used, the system attempts to parse the
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description according to each of the above five rules, in the order specified.
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Cases [1] and [2] must match the name of an existing named font or of a
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system font. Cases [3], [4], and [5] are accepted on all
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platforms and the closest available font will be used. In some situations
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it may not be possible to find any close font (e.g., the font family was
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a garbage value); in that case, some system-dependant default font is
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chosen. If the font description does not match any of the above patterns,
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an error is generated.
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<H3><A NAME="M19">FONT METRICS</A></H3>
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The following options are used by the <B>font metrics</B> command to query
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font-specific data determined when the font was created. These properties are
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for the whole font itself and not for individual characters drawn in that
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font. In the following definitions, the ``baseline'' of a font is the
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horizontal line where the bottom of most letters line up; certain letters,
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such as lower-case ``g'' stick below the baseline.
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<P>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><A NAME="M20"><B>-ascent </B></A><DD>
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The amount in pixels that the tallest letter sticks up above the baseline of
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the font, plus any extra blank space added by the designer of the font.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M21"><B>-descent </B></A><DD>
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The largest amount in pixels that any letter sticks down below the baseline
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of the font, plus any extra blank space added by the designer of the font.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M22"><B>-linespace</B></A><DD>
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Returns how far apart vertically in pixels two lines of text using the same
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font should be placed so that none of the characters in one line overlap any
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of the characters in the other line. This is generally the sum of the ascent
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above the baseline line plus the descent below the baseline.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M23"><B>-fixed </B></A><DD>
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Returns a boolean flag that is ``<B>1</B>'' if this is a fixed-width font,
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where each normal character is the the same width as all the other
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characters, or is ``<B>0</B>'' if this is a proportionally-spaced font, where
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individual characters have different widths. The widths of control
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characters, tab characters, and other non-printing characters are not
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included when calculating this value.
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<P></DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M24">FONT OPTIONS</A></H3>
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The following options are supported on all platforms, and are used when
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constructing a named font or when specifying a font using style [5] as
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above:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<P><DT><A NAME="M25"><B>-family </B><I>name</I></A><DD>
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The case-insensitive font family name. Tk guarantees to support the font
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families named <B>Courier</B> (a monospaced ``typewriter'' font), <B>Times</B>
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(a serifed ``newspaper'' font), and <B>Helvetica</B> (a sans-serif
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``European'' font). The most closely matching native font family will
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automatically be substituted when one of the above font families is used.
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The <I>name</I> may also be the name of a native, platform-specific font
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family; in that case it will work as desired on one platform but may not
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display correctly on other platforms. If the family is unspecified or
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unrecognized, a platform-specific default font will be chosen.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M26"><B>-size </B><I>size</I></A><DD>
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The desired size of the font. If the <I>size</I> argument is a positive
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number, it is interpreted as a size in points. If <I>size</I> is a negative
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number, its absolute value is interpreted as a size in pixels. If a
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font cannot be displayed at the specified size, a nearby size will be
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chosen. If <I>size</I> is unspecified or zero, a platform-dependent default
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size will be chosen.
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<P>
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Sizes should normally be specified in points so the application will remain
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the same ruler size on the screen, even when changing screen resolutions or
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moving scripts across platforms. However, specifying pixels is useful in
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certain circumstances such as when a piece of text must line up with respect
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to a fixed-size bitmap. The mapping between points and pixels is set when
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the application starts, based on properties of the installed monitor, but it
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can be overridden by calling the <B><A HREF="../TclCmd/tk.htm">tk scaling</A></B> command.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M27"><B>-weight </B><I>weight</I></A><DD>
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The nominal thickness of the characters in the font. The value
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<B>normal</B> specifies a normal weight font, while <B>bold</B> specifies a
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bold font. The closest available weight to the one specified will
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be chosen. The default weight is <B>normal</B>.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M28"><B>-slant </B><I>slant</I></A><DD>
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The amount the characters in the font are slanted away from the
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vertical. Valid values for slant are <B>roman</B> and <B>italic</B>.
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A roman font is the normal, upright appearance of a font, while
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an italic font is one that is tilted some number of degrees from upright.
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The closest available slant to the one specified will be chosen.
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The default slant is <B>roman</B>.
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<P><DT><A NAME="M29"><B>-underline </B><I>boolean</I></A><DD>
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||
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|
The value is a boolean flag that specifies whether characters in this
|
||
|
|
font should be underlined. The default value for underline is <B>false</B>.
|
||
|
|
<P><DT><A NAME="M30"><B>-overstrike </B><I>boolean</I></A><DD>
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||
|
|
The value is a boolean flag that specifies whether a horizontal line should
|
||
|
|
be drawn through the middle of characters in this font. The default value
|
||
|
|
for overstrike is <B>false</B>.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<P></DL>
|
||
|
|
<H3><A NAME="M31">PLATFORM-SPECIFIC ISSUES</A></H3>
|
||
|
|
The following named system fonts are supported:
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
<DL>
|
||
|
|
<P><DT><A NAME="M32">X Windows:</A><DD>
|
||
|
|
All valid X font names, including those listed by xlsfonts(1), are available.
|
||
|
|
<P><DT><A NAME="M33">MS Windows:</A><DD>
|
||
|
|
<PRE><B>system ansi device
|
||
|
|
systemfixed ansifixed oemfixed</B></PRE>
|
||
|
|
<P><DT><A NAME="M34">Macintosh:</A><DD>
|
||
|
|
<PRE><B>system application</B></PRE>
|
||
|
|
<P></DL>
|
||
|
|
<H3><A NAME="M35">SEE ALSO</A></H3>
|
||
|
|
<B><A HREF="../TclCmd/options.htm">options</A></B>
|
||
|
|
<H3><A NAME="M36">KEYWORDS</A></H3>
|
||
|
|
<A href="../Keywords/F.htm#font">font</A>
|
||
|
|
<HR><PRE>
|
||
|
|
<A HREF="../copyright.htm">Copyright</A> © 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|
||
|
|
<A HREF="../copyright.htm">Copyright</A> © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.</PRE>
|
||
|
|
</BODY></HTML>
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