Tcl Built-In Commands - tclvars manual page

The following global variables are created and managed automatically by the Tcl library. Except where noted below, these variables should normally be treated as read-only by application-specific code and by users.

env

This variable is maintained by Tcl as an array whose elements are the environment variables for the process. Reading an element will return the value of the corresponding environment variable. Setting an element of the array will modify the corresponding environment variable or create a new one if it doesn't already exist. Unsetting an element of env will remove the corresponding environment variable. Changes to the env array will affect the environment passed to children by commands like exec. If the entire env array is unset then Tcl will stop monitoring env accesses and will not update environment variables.

Under Windows, the environment variables PATH and COMSPEC in any capitalization are converted automatically to upper case. For instance, the PATH variable could be exported by the operating system as ``path'', ``Path'', ``PaTh'', etc., causing otherwise simple Tcl code to have to support many special cases. All other environment variables inherited by Tcl are left unmodified.

On the Macintosh, the environment variable is constructed by Tcl as no global environment variable exists. The environment variables that are created for Tcl include:

LOGIN: This holds the Chooser name of the Macintosh.
USER: This also holds the Chooser name of the Macintosh.
SYS_FOLDER: The path to the system directory.
APPLE_M_FOLDER: The path to the Apple Menu directory.
CP_FOLDER: The path to the control panels directory.
DESK_FOLDER: The path to the desk top directory.
EXT_FOLDER: The path to the system extensions directory.
PREF_FOLDER: The path to the preferences directory.
PRINT_MON_FOLDER: The path to the print monitor directory.
SHARED_TRASH_FOLDER: The path to the network trash directory.
TRASH_FOLDER: The path to the trash directory.
START_UP_FOLDER: The path to the start up directory.
HOME: The path to the application's default directory.

You can also create your own environment variables for the Macintosh. A file named Tcl Environment Variables may be placed in the preferences folder in the Mac system folder. Each line of this file should be of the form VAR_NAME=var_data.

The last alternative is to place environment variables in a 'STR#' resource named Tcl Environment Variables of the application. This is considered a little more ``Mac like'' than a Unix style Environment Variable file. Each entry in the 'STR#' resource has the same format as above. The source code file tclMacEnv.c contains the implementation of the env mechanisms. This file contains many #define's that allow customization of the env mechanisms to fit your applications needs.

errorCode

After an error has occurred, this variable will be set to hold additional information about the error in a form that is easy to process with programs. errorCode consists of a Tcl list with one or more elements. The first element of the list identifies a general class of errors, and determines the format of the rest of the list. The following formats for errorCode are used by the Tcl core; individual applications may define additional formats.

ARITH code msg: This format is used when an arithmetic error occurs (e.g. an attempt to divide by zero in the expr command). Code identifies the precise error and msg provides a human-readable description of the error. Code will be either DIVZERO (for an attempt to divide by zero), DOMAIN (if an argument is outside the domain of a function, such as acos(-3)), IOVERFLOW (for integer overflow), OVERFLOW (for a floating-point overflow), or UNKNOWN (if the cause of the error cannot be determined).
CHILDKILLED pid sigName msg: This format is used when a child process has been killed because of a signal. The second element of errorCode will be the process's identifier (in decimal). The third element will be the symbolic name of the signal that caused the process to terminate; it will be one of the names from the include file signal.h, such as SIGPIPE. The fourth element will be a short human-readable message describing the signal, such as ``write on pipe with no readers'' for SIGPIPE.
CHILDSTATUS pid code: This format is used when a child process has exited with a non-zero exit status. The second element of errorCode will be the process's identifier (in decimal) and the third element will be the exit code returned by the process (also in decimal).
CHILDSUSP pid sigName msg: This format is used when a child process has been suspended because of a signal. The second element of errorCode will be the process's identifier, in decimal. The third element will be the symbolic name of the signal that caused the process to suspend; this will be one of the names from the include file signal.h, such as SIGTTIN. The fourth element will be a short human-readable message describing the signal, such as ``background tty read'' for SIGTTIN.
NONE: This format is used for errors where no additional information is available for an error besides the message returned with the error. In these cases errorCode will consist of a list containing a single element whose contents are NONE.
POSIX errName msg: If the first element of errorCode is POSIX, then the error occurred during a POSIX kernel call. The second element of the list will contain the symbolic name of the error that occurred, such as ENOENT; this will be one of the values defined in the include file errno.h. The third element of the list will be a human-readable message corresponding to errName, such as ``no such file or directory'' for the ENOENT case.

To set errorCode, applications should use library procedures such as Tcl_SetErrorCode and Tcl_PosixError, or they may invoke the error command. If one of these methods hasn't been used, then the Tcl interpreter will reset the variable to NONE after the next error.

errorInfo

After an error has occurred, this string will contain one or more lines identifying the Tcl commands and procedures that were being executed when the most recent error occurred. Its contents take the form of a stack trace showing the various nested Tcl commands that had been invoked at the time of the error.

tcl_library

This variable holds the name of a directory containing the system library of Tcl scripts, such as those used for auto-loading. The value of this variable is returned by the info library command. See the library manual entry for details of the facilities provided by the Tcl script library. Normally each application or package will have its own application-specific script library in addition to the Tcl script library; each application should set a global variable with a name like $app_library (where app is the application's name) to hold the network file name for that application's library directory. The initial value of tcl_library is set when an interpreter is created by searching several different directories until one is found that contains an appropriate Tcl startup script. If the TCL_LIBRARY environment variable exists, then the directory it names is checked first. If TCL_LIBRARY isn't set or doesn't refer to an appropriate directory, then Tcl checks several other directories based on a compiled-in default location, the location of the binary containing the application, and the current working directory.

tcl_patchLevel

When an interpreter is created Tcl initializes this variable to hold a string giving the current patch level for Tcl, such as 7.3p2 for Tcl 7.3 with the first two official patches, or 7.4b4 for the fourth beta release of Tcl 7.4. The value of this variable is returned by the info patchlevel command.

tcl_pkgPath

This variable holds a list of directories indicating where packages are normally installed. It is not used on Windows. It typically contains either one or two entries; if it contains two entries, the first is normally a directory for platform-dependent packages (e.g., shared library binaries) and the second is normally a directory for platform-independent packages (e.g., script files). Typically a package is installed as a subdirectory of one of the entries in $tcl_pkgPath. The directories in $tcl_pkgPath are included by default in the auto_path variable, so they and their immediate subdirectories are automatically searched for packages during package require commands. Note: tcl_pkgPath it not intended to be modified by the application. Its value is added to auto_path at startup; changes to tcl_pkgPath are not reflected in auto_path. If you want Tcl to search additional directories for packages you should add the names of those directories to auto_path, not tcl_pkgPath.

tcl_platform

This is an associative array whose elements contain information about the platform on which the application is running, such as the name of the operating system, its current release number, and the machine's instruction set. The elements listed below will always be defined, but they may have empty strings as values if Tcl couldn't retrieve any relevant information. In addition, extensions and applications may add additional values to the array. The predefined elements are:

byteOrder: The native byte order of this machine: either littleEndian or bigEndian.
debug: If this variable exists, then the interpreter was compiled with debugging symbols enabled. This varible will only exist on Windows so extension writers can specify which package to load depending on the C run-time library that is loaded.
machine: The instruction set executed by this machine, such as intel, PPC, 68k, or sun4m. On UNIX machines, this is the value returned by uname -m.
os: The name of the operating system running on this machine, such as Windows 95, Windows NT, MacOS, or SunOS. On UNIX machines, this is the value returned by uname -s. On Windows 95 and Windows 98, the value returned will be Windows 95 to provide better backwards compatibility to Windows 95; to distinguish between the two, check the osVersion.
osVersion: The version number for the operating system running on this machine. On UNIX machines, this is the value returned by uname -r. On Windows 95, the version will be 4.0; on Windows 98, the version will be 4.10.
platform: Either windows, macintosh, or unix. This identifies the general operating environment of the machine.
threaded: If this variable exists, then the interpreter was compiled with threads enabled.
user: This identifies the current user based on the login information available on the platform. This comes from the USER or LOGNAME environment variable on Unix, and the value from GetUserName on Windows and Macintosh.

tcl_precision

This variable controls the number of digits to generate when converting floating-point values to strings. It defaults to 12. 17 digits is ``perfect'' for IEEE floating-point in that it allows double-precision values to be converted to strings and back to binary with no loss of information. However, using 17 digits prevents any rounding, which produces longer, less intuitive results. For example, expr 1.4 returns 1.3999999999999999 with tcl_precision set to 17, vs. 1.4 if tcl_precision is 12.

All interpreters in a process share a single tcl_precision value: changing it in one interpreter will affect all other interpreters as well. However, safe interpreters are not allowed to modify the variable.

tcl_rcFileName

This variable is used during initialization to indicate the name of a user-specific startup file. If it is set by application-specific initialization, then the Tcl startup code will check for the existence of this file and source it if it exists. For example, for wish the variable is set to ~/.wishrc for Unix and ~/wishrc.tcl for Windows.

tcl_rcRsrcName

This variable is only used on Macintosh systems. The variable is used during initialization to indicate the name of a user-specific TEXT resource located in the application or extension resource forks. If it is set by application-specific initialization, then the Tcl startup code will check for the existence of this resource and source it if it exists. For example, the Macintosh wish application has the variable is set to tclshrc.

tcl_traceCompile

The value of this variable can be set to control how much tracing information is displayed during bytecode compilation. By default, tcl_traceCompile is zero and no information is displayed. Setting tcl_traceCompile to 1 generates a one line summary in stdout whenever a procedure or top level command is compiled. Setting it to 2 generates a detailed listing in stdout of the bytecode instructions emitted during every compilation. This variable is useful in tracking down suspected problems with the Tcl compiler. It is also occasionally useful when converting existing code to use Tcl8.0.

tcl_traceExec

The value of this variable can be set to control how much tracing information is displayed during bytecode execution. By default, tcl_traceExec is zero and no information is displayed. Setting tcl_traceExec to 1 generates a one line trace in stdout on each call to a Tcl procedure. Setting it to 2 generates a line of output whenever any Tcl command is invoked that contains the name of the command and its arguments. Setting it to 3 produces a detailed trace showing the result of executing each bytecode instruction. Note that when tcl_traceExec is 2 or 3, commands such as set and incr that have been entirely replaced by a sequence of bytecode instructions are not shown. Setting this variable is useful in tracking down suspected problems with the bytecode compiler and interpreter. It is also occasionally useful when converting code to use Tcl8.0.

tcl_wordchars

The value of this variable is a regular expression that can be set to control what are considered ``word'' characters, for instances like selecting a word by double-clicking in text in Tk. It is platform dependent. On Windows, it defaults to \S, meaning anything but a Unicode space character. Otherwise it defaults to \w, which is any Unicode word character (number, letter, or underscore).

tcl_nonwordchars

The value of this variable is a regular expression that can be set to control what are considered ``non-word'' characters, for instances like selecting a word by double-clicking in text in Tk. It is platform dependent. On Windows, it defaults to \s, meaning any Unicode space character. Otherwise it defaults to \W, which is anything but a Unicode word character (number, letter, or underscore).

tcl_version

When an interpreter is created Tcl initializes this variable to hold the version number for this version of Tcl in the form x.y. Changes to x represent major changes with probable incompatibilities and changes to y represent small enhancements and bug fixes that retain backward compatibility. The value of this variable is returned by the info tclversion command.

KEYWORDS

arithmetic, bytecode, compiler, error, environment, POSIX, precision, subprocess, variables

Copyright © 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.

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